Ujung Kulon (15871)
Indonesia, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Global KBA criteria: A1e
Year of last assessment: 2018
National site name: Ujung Kulon
Central coordinates: Latitude: -6.7667, Longitude: 105.3167
System: marine, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 0 to 623
Area of KBA (km2): 455.5534
Protected area coverage (%): 97.67
KBA classification: Global
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: Lies on the west of Java, Ujung Kulon is located around 78 km south-west of Pandeglang. Ujung Kulon has of some offshore islands, and the biggest two are Peucang and Panaitan. Ujung Kulon has one of the largest remaining natural forest in Java.Ujung Kulon is also well klnown as the last place in Indonesia for Javan Rhino.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that meets the thresholds for at least one criterion described in the Global Standard for the Identification of KBAs. Alliance for Zero Extinction (2018): site confirmed as an AZE site during the AZE project (2015-2018). Taxonomy, nomenclature and Red List category follow the IUCN 2016 Red List.
Additional biodiversity: Non-bird biodiversity: Bos javanicus, Cuon alpinus, Panthera pardus, Rhinoceros sondaicus, Sus verrucosus, Hylobates moloch, Presbytis comata and Trachypithecus auratus. Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea and Eretmochelys imbricata use the beach for laying eggs (Hedges & Tyson 1996, Whitten et.al.1996)
Delineation rationale: No change from existing AZE, shifted slightly and reshaped boundary along GADM layer - unsure if easternmost part should exactly follow polygon of Ujung Kulon from Protected Planet (site 2349)
Habitats
Summary of habitats in KBA: Beach vegetation/forest, secondary forest, grassland, lowland rainforest, mangrove forest and freshwater swamp forest. The vegetations were heavily damaged in 1883 by the great eruption of Krakatau (MacKinnon et.al. 1982).The vegetation in Panaitan Island dominated by mangrove forest, dry forest on the beach and tropical rainforest (Silvius et.al.1987).
Land use: nature conservation and research
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Grassland | 27 | |
| Forest | 27 | |
| Shrubland | 27 | |
| Wetlands(Inland) | 5 | |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | 5 | |
| Marine Intertidal | 5 | |
| Artificial - Terrestrial | 5 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: Illegal settlements, wildlife hunting, turtle egg collection and swiflet nest collection (MacKinnon et.al. 1982, Hommel 1987).
Additional information
References: Anon. 1997. Statistik Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelestarian Alam 1996/1997. Departemen Kehutanan dan Perkebunan, Direktorat Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelestarian Alam, Jakarta.Hedges, S. and Tyson, M. 1996. Is Predation by Ajag a Threat to the Banteng Population in Alas Purwo? Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Gajah Mada, Indonesia. [laporan awal]Hommel, P.W.F.M. 1987. Lanscape-Ecology of Ujung Kulon (West Java, Indonesia). Soil Survey Institute, Wageningen.MacKinnon, J., Smiet, F., and Artha, M.B. 1982. A National Conservation Plan for Indonesia, Vol. III: Java and Bali. UNDP/FAO. Bogor.Whitten, A.J., Soeriaatmadja, R.E. and Afiff, S.A. 1996. The Ecology of Java and Bali. Periplus edition, Singapore.