Khao Soi Dao (15112)
Thailand, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Year of last assessment: 2012
National site name: Khao Soi Dao
Central coordinates: Latitude: 13.0833, Longitude: 102.1667
System: freshwater, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 50 to 1670
Area of KBA (km2): 733.51958
Protected area coverage (%): 100.00
KBA classification: Global/Regional TBD
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: The IBA comprises Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary in south-eastern Thailand. To the south, the site is contiguous with Khao Khitchakut National Park, while, to the west, it is contiguous with Khao Ang Ru Nai Wildlife Sanctuary (IBA TH034). Topographically, the site comprises two distinct areas: a mountainous area with perennial streams and waterfalls in the south; and a smaller, low-lying area in the north. The dominant vegetation types at the site are semi-evergreen forest, and hill evergreen forest at higher elevations. In addition, there are some areas of deciduous forest and bamboo.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance because it meets one or more previously established criteria and thresholds for identifying sites of biodiversity importance (including Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, Alliance for Zero Extinction sites, and Key Biodiversity Areas) The site has been reviewed and re-confirmed as a KBA in the process of compiling the revised 2011 CEPF Ecosystem Profile for the Indo-Burma Hotspot.
Additional biodiversity: Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary is the only IBA in Thailand known to supports the globally endangered Chestnut-headed Partridge Arborophila cambodiana, a restricted-range species confined to the mountains of south-eastern Thailand, and the Cardamom and Elephant mountains of south-western Cambodia. Chestnut-headed Partridge is one of two restricted-range species confined to the Thailand-Cambodia Mountains Endemic Bird Area; the second species, Cambodian Laughingthrush Garrulax ferrarius, is not thought to occur in Thailand. Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary is also a wintering site for Silver Oriole Oriolus mellianus. In addition, the site supports three globally near-threatened species: Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi, Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis and Moustached Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx vagans. All of the species that occur in Thailand only in the south-east of the country have been confirmed to occur at the site, apart from Bar-bellied Pitta Pitta elliotti, which is only known from an unconfirmed record. The site is also of national conservation importance for a number of species characteristic of hill and montane evergreen forest, including Blue-rumped Pitta P. soror, Mountain Fulvetta Alcippe peracensis, Green Cochoa Cochoa viridis, White-tailed Robin Cinclidium leucurum, Lesser Shortwing Brachypteryx leucophrys and the southern Indochinese endemic race of Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera lewisi. The site qualifies under criterion A3 because it supports 17 species restricted to the Sino-Himalayan Subtropical Forests (Biome 08) and 18 species restricted to the Indochinese Tropical Moist Forests (Biome 09). Non-bird biodiversity: Mammals Asian Elephant Elephas maximus (EN) Tiger Panthera tigris (EN) Gaur Bos frontalis (VU) Southern Serow Capricornis sumatraensis (VU) Asian Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii (VU) Dhole Cuon alpinus (VU) Pileated Gibbon Hylobates pileatus (VU) East Asian Porcupine Hystrix brachyura (VU) Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata (VU) Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina (VU) Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa (VU) Bear Macaque Macaca arctoides (VU) Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata (VU) Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (VU) Reptiles Elongated Tortoise Indotestudo elongata (EN) Malayan Snail-eating Turtle Malayemys subtrijuga (VU) Amphibians Chantaburi Warted Treefrog Theloderma stellatum (VU) Plants Aquilaria crassna (CR) Shorea guiso (CR) Afzelia xylocarpa (EN) Dalbergia oliveri (EN) Dipterocarpus retusus (EN)
Habitats
Summary of habitats in KBA: The IBA comprises Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary in south-eastern Thailand. To the south, the site is contiguous with Khao Khitchakut National Park, while, to the west, it is contiguous with Khao Ang Ru Nai Wildlife Sanctuary (IBA TH034). Topographically, the site comprises two distinct areas: a mountainous area with perennial streams and waterfalls in the south; and a smaller, low-lying area in the north. The dominant vegetation types at the site are semi-evergreen forest, and hill evergreen forest at higher elevations. In addition, there are some areas of deciduous forest and bamboo.
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Forest | 100 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: The major threats to biodiversity at the site include hunting and collection of forest products. Encroachment of agriculture into forest is another major threat, especially in the context of the surrounding human population of c.40,000 people, many of whom have property claims on land inside the wildlife sanctuary.
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Small-holder farming | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: BirdLife International (1998) Proceedings of the Thailand IBA workshop, Bangkok, November 1998. Unpublished report. BirdLife International (2001) Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. Round, P. D. (1988) Resident forest birds in Thailand: their status and conservation. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird Preservation. Round, P. D, Gale, G., Marshall, M. R., and Pomara, L. (2002) An expedition to the summit of Khao Soi Dao Tai, southeast Thailand. Oriental Bird Club Bulletin 35. Round, P. D. and Robson, C. (2001) Provenance and affinities of the Cambodian Laughingthrush Garrulax ferrarius. Forktail 17: 41-44. UNEP/World Conservation Monitoring Center website http//:www.wcmc.org.uk/protected_areas Wildlife Conservation Division (1996) Master plan for land use management in Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary. Unpublished report to Chanthaburi Forestry Department. Wildlife Conservation Division (2000) Basic data for wildlife sanctuaries in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of Natural Resources Conservation, Forestry Department.