Dong Khanthung (16629)
Laos, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Year of last assessment: 2012
National site name: Dong Khanthung
Central coordinates: Latitude: 14.3000, Longitude: 105.5000
System: freshwater, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 90 to 500
Area of KBA (km2): 1897.09957
KBA classification: Global/Regional TBD
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: The IBA is located inside Dong Khanthung proposed protected area, in southern Lao P.D.R. The topography of the IBA is dominated by a flat plain, between 90 and 120 m asl, bordered to the south by the Xe Lamphao, which forms the international border with Cambodia, and to the west by a ridge of hills, between 200 and 500 m asl, which form the international border with Thailand. Within the IBA, there are many permanent and seasonal pools, streams and rivers. The vegetation of the IBA comprises a mosaic of dry dipterocarp forest and semi-evergreen forest, with taller forest being found mainly along watercourses (Round 1998). To the south, the IBA is contiguous with Chhep IBA (KH016) in Cambodia, which supports a similar mosaic of habitats. The mosaic of forests and wetlands within the IBA is important for the conservation of a suite of large waterbirds, including Giant Ibis Thaumatibis gigantea, Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus, Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus and Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus, of which the latter two species are confirmed to breed (Round 1998). Sarus Crane Grus antigone has also been recorded at the IBA but the population is not believed to be significant and the species is believed to be on the verge of extirpation (Round 1998). White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni has been provisionally recorded, and, if it was confirmed to regularly occur in significant numbers, the conservation importance of the IBA would be markedly increased. The riverine habitats within the IBA are important for a suite of key bird species, including White-winged Duck Cairina scutulata, Masked Finfoot Heliopais personata, Lesser Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis and Grey-headed Fish Eagle I. ichthyaetus. While there may not be sufficient suitable habitat within the IBA to support viable populations of these species in the long term, the IBA forms part of a network of sites in southern Lao P.D.R., northern Cambodia and eastern Thailand that may be able to. Small numbers of White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis and Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus have been recorded at the IBA, although, again, these are probably part of larger populations distributed across a wider area. Other globally threatened and near-threatened bird species found at the IBA include Green Peafowl Pavo muticus, White-rumped Falcon Polihierax insignis and Asian Golden Weaver Ploceus hypoxanthus (Round 1998). In addition, the IBA is the only known wintering site for Manchurian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus tangorum in Lao P.D.R. (Duckworth et al. 1999), although this species may occur widely elsewhere, as there has been little ornithological study at potentially suitable localities. Furthermore, the IBA is one of only two sites in Lao P.D.R. known to support Moustached Hawk Cuckoo Cuculus vagans (Duckworth et al. 1999). Finally the IBA supports Pileated Gibbon Hylobates pileatus (Duckworth et al. 1999), and one of only two confirmed populations of Eld's Deer Cervus eldii in Lao P.D.R. (Duckworth et al. 1999, Vongkhamheng and Phirasack 2002), although, if this population is still extant, it is under intense threat (Round 1998).
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance because it meets one or more previously established criteria and thresholds for identifying sites of biodiversity importance (including Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, Alliance for Zero Extinction sites, and Key Biodiversity Areas) The site has been reviewed and re-confirmed as a KBA in the process of compiling the revised 2011 CEPF Ecosystem Profile for the Indo-Burma Hotspot.
Additional biodiversity: The IBA is one of few IBAs support Giant Ibis, White-winged Duck and Black-necked Stork in Laos. The IBA also supports many other important Key species of birds including Green Peafowl. Amongst the all Key species, Green Peafowl, White-winged Duck and Giant Ibis are immediately threatened with extirpation from the area. Thus, ugent intervention is needed to prevent the present exceptionally high biodiversity being eroded.Biome-restricted species: The site qualifies under criterion A3 because it supports 14 species restricted to the Indochinese Tropical Moist Forests (Biome 09) and 23 species restricted to the Indo-Malayan Tropical Dry Zone (Biome 11) (Round 1998, Evans et al. 2000). See Appendix 3 for details. Non-bird biodiversity: Round (1998) recorded two species of primate: Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina and Pileated Gibbon Hylobates pileatus.The survey of amphibians and reptiles by Stuart (1998) attatched (as APPENDIX 4) in Round (1998) found out the possible presence of five species of turtles: Asian Box Turtle Cuora amboinensis, Giant Asian Pond Turtle Heosemys grandis, Malayan Snail-eating Turtle Malayemys subtrijuga, Elongated Tortoise Indotestudo elongata and Asiatic Softshell Turtle Amyda cartilaginea.Round (1998) recorded three species of elephant and ungulate in the IBA: Asian Elephant Elephas maximus, Gaur Bos gaurus and Banteng Bos javanicus.
Habitats
Land use: agriculture | not utilised | rangeland/pastureland
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Forest | 63 | |
| Artificial - Terrestrial | 31 | |
| Wetlands(Inland) | 6 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: Due to decades of armed conflict, there were few permanent human settlements within Dong Khanthung proposed national protected area prior to the 1990s. However, with recent stability, people are now moving back into the area. For example, Ban Khem village was only reoccupied in 1992 (Thewlis et al. 1998). The increasing human population is leading to increased pressure on the natural resources of the IBA. Hunting is a particular problem, and threatens many species of mammal, bird and reptile at the IBA. Hunting is believed to be partly for subsistence, although exploitation of wildlife for trade has also been identified as a threat, for example capture of green pigeons (Round 1998). Other threats identified at the IBA include illegal natural resource extraction, burning of forest, destructive fishing methods, such as use of poison and explosives, livestock grazing and conversion of natural habitats to cultivation (Round 1998). A potential future threat is posed by planned infrastructure development schemes within and around the IBA, and expansion of livestock grazing (Round 1998).
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting | Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target) | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: Duckworth, J. W., Salter, R. E. and Khounboline, K. eds. (1999) Wildlife in Lao P.D.R.: 1999 status report. Vientiane: IUCN, WCS and CPAWM.Evans, T. D., Towll, H. C., Timmins, R. J., Thewlis, R. M., Stones, A. J., Robichaud, W. G. and Barzen, J. (2000) Ornithological records from the lowlands of southern Laos during December 1995-September 1996, including areas on the Thai and Cambodian borders. Forktail 16: 29-52.Round, P. D. (1998) Wildlife, habitats and priorities for conservation in Dong Khanthung Proposed National Biodiversity Conservation Area, Champasak province, Lao P.D.R. Vientiane: WCS/CPAWM.Thewlis, R. M., Timmins, R. J., Evans, T. D. and Duckworth, J. W. (1998) The conservation status of birds in Laos: a review of key species. Bird Conserv. Internat. 8(suppl.): 1-159.Vongkhamheng, C. and Phirasack, S. (2002) Eld's deer (Cervus eldii siamensis) surveys in Chonbuly district, Savannakhet province, Lao P.D.R. Vientiane: WCS.