South Luangwa National Park (7195)
Zambia, Africa

Site overview

KBA status: confirmed

Global KBA criteria: D1a

Year of last assessment: 2001

National site name: South Luangwa National Park

Central coordinates: Latitude: -13.0333, Longitude: 31.5667

System: freshwater, terrestrial

Elevation (m): 500 to 1550

Area of KBA (km²): 8460.44683

Protected area coverage (%): 99.67

KBA classification: Global

Legacy site: Yes

Site details

Site description: The second-largest and probably the most famous of Zambia’s National Parks. It encompasses a section of the mid-Luangwa Valley, mainly on the west bank of the river and stretching to the lip of the Muchinga Escarpment. Most of the area lies between 500–900 m, although the park rises to at least 1,250 m in the west. Along the river is an alluvial belt of Acacia, in particular A. albida. Mopane dominates the adjacent terrain and in the north this belt becomes wider, covering almost half the park’s width. Beyond this there are large areas of scrub and munga, and finally miombo. Scattered grasslands are more common in the north, the largest being the Chifungwe plain, and strips of riparian forest and thicket occur throughout. The active, meandering river has created many oxbow lakes and sandbanks and sandbars are a prominent feature when the water-level is low. In relation to the size of the park, the area utilized by the tourism industry is very small and in the rains, even this becomes largely inaccessible. The many lodges and camps are mostly on the east bank, both outside and within the park.

Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that meets the thresholds for at least one criterion described in the Global Standard for the Identification of KBAs.

Additional biodiversity: See Box and Table 3 for key species. Mopane birds are very well represented, with Agapornis lilianae, Lamprotornis mevesii and Plocepasser mahali being particularly numerous. Large concentrations of waterbirds may occur, especially at drying oxbows, and several species breed in significant numbers, the best known example being the long-established colony of Mycteria ibis. Vast colonies of Merops nubicoides breed in sandbanks, along with Apus horus, Merops bullockoides and Hirundo paludicola. Ixobrychus sturmii, Crecopsis egregia and Porphyrio alleni are locally not uncommon in the rains, and other species present in significant numbers include Balearica regulorum, Rynchops flavirostris and Scotopelia peli. Vidua codringtoni has been recorded on a number of occasions. Neotis denhami is an irregular non-breeding wanderer. Recently, a single Aquila clanga has twice been tracked to the park by satellite telemetry, representing a huge leap in the species’s known migratory range. Of other species of global conservation concern, Ardeola idae may be a regular vagrant, Falco naumanni is a rare passage migrant, Grus carunculatus is a vagrant, while Gallinago media winters in small numbers. Non-bird biodiversity: A wide variety of mammals occur, including Lycaon pictus (EN), Loxodonta africana (EN), the endemic subspecies Giraffa camelopardalis thornicrofti and Connochaetes taurinus cooksoni, and possibly still a tiny number of Diceros bicornis (CR).

Habitats

Land use: nature conservation and research | tourism/recreation

IUCN Habitat	Coverage %	Habitat detail
Forest	31
Artificial - Terrestrial	20
Shrubland	47

Threats

Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: The area is relatively well protected and although some illegal hunting takes place it seems unlikely that the birds are affected. Most of the park is uninhabited and inaccessible, but human encroachment perhaps needs to be assessed and monitored.

Threat level 1	Threat level 2	Threat level 3	Timing
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops	Small-holder farming	Ongoing

Additional information