Khao Sam Roi Yot (15115)
Thailand, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Year of last assessment: 2012
National site name: Khao Sam Roi Yot
Central coordinates: Latitude: 12.2000, Longitude: 99.9667
System: freshwater, marine, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 0 to 605
Area of KBA (km2): 140.60063
Protected area coverage (%): 3.51
KBA classification: Global/Regional TBD
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: The IBA comprises Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park (9,808 ha) and surrounding wetlands (3,242 ha), situated on the western coast of the Gulf of Thailand. The site supports an extensive area of brackish and freshwater coastal wetlands at the foot of steep limestone mountains covered with mixed deciduous woodland. One of the most notable features of the site is that it encompasses the largest remaining freshwater reedswamp in Thailand, totaling almost 7,000 ha. The freshwater marsh comprises extensive beds of Phragmites reeds and other tall emergent swamp plants, open water with Lotus Nelumbo nucifera and other floating and submerged plants, extensive grazing marshes in which mud and shallow water alternate with short grass, and rice paddies. Other habitats represented at the site include coastal flats, sandy beaches, slow-flowing streams, narrow fringes of mangrove along the river mouth margins, estuarine mudflats, rocky cliffs, shallow sea and offshore islands.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance because it meets one or more previously established criteria and thresholds for identifying sites of biodiversity importance (including Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, Alliance for Zero Extinction sites, and Key Biodiversity Areas) The site has been reviewed and re-confirmed as a KBA in the process of compiling the revised 2011 CEPF Ecosystem Profile for the Indo-Burma Hotspot.
Additional biodiversity: Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park and surrounding wetlands is the most important known site in Thailand for the globally threatened Manchurian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus tangorum, which winters in the freshwater marshes. Several other globally threatened species have been recorded at the site, although none are thought to regularly occur in significant numbers. In addition, there are historical records of the globally vulnerable Pale-capped Pigeon Columba punicea (from 1987) and Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis (from 1988), and the globally endangered Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius (from 1984). Six globally near-threatened species have been recorded at the site, including Malaysian Plover Charadrius peronii, of which the site supports greater than 1% of the Asian biogeographic population. : The site qualifies under criterion A3 because it supports six species restricted to the Indo-Malayan Tropical Dry Zone (Biome 11). Non-bird biodiversity: Mammals Southern Serow Capricornis sumatraensis (VU) Bear Macaque Macaca arctoides (VU) Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina (VU) Fishing Cat Prionailurus viverrinus (VU) Plants Afzelia xylocarpa (EN) Burretiodendron esquirolii (VU) Wrightia lanceolata (VU)
Habitats
Summary of habitats in KBA: The IBA comprises Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park (9,808 ha) and surrounding wetlands (3,242 ha), situated on the western coast of the Gulf of Thailand. The site supports an extensive area of brackish and freshwater coastal wetlands at the foot of steep limestone mountains covered with mixed deciduous woodland. One of the most notable features of the site is that it encompasses the largest remaining freshwater reedswamp in Thailand, totaling almost 7,000 ha. The freshwater marsh comprises extensive beds of Phragmites reeds and other tall emergent swamp plants, open water with Lotus Nelumbo nucifera and other floating and submerged plants, extensive grazing marshes in which mud and shallow water alternate with short grass, and rice paddies. Other habitats represented at the site include coastal flats, sandy beaches, slow-flowing streams, narrow fringes of mangrove along the river mouth margins, estuarine mudflats, rocky cliffs, shallow sea and offshore islands.
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | 45 | |
| Forest | 45 | |
| Marine Intertidal | 5 | |
| Artificial - Aquatic | 5 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: One of the major threats to biodiversity at the site is habitat loss, particularly conversion of wetland habitats (mangroves, intertidal mudflats, beaches and freshwater marsh) to aquaculture and, on a smaller scale, rice fields, as well as afforestation of natural and semi-natural habitats with Eucalyptus and Casuarina. Hunting and trapping is a threat to waterbirds at the site, while disturbance is a particular threat to beach-nesting species, particularly in the context of tourism development in coastal areas outside the national park. There are a number of planned infrastructure developments, including road and tourist resort construction, which threaten to further undermine the integrity of the site. Finally, commercial duck rearing is rapidly increasing, and poses a pollution threat through decreased water quality.
Additional information
References: BirdLife International (1998) Proceedings of the Thailand IBA workshop, Bangkok, November 1998. Unpublished report. BirdLife International (2001) Threatened birds of Asia: the BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International. National Park Division (2001) National parks in Thailand. Bangkok: Office of Natural Resource Conservation, Royal Forestry Department. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (1999) Directory of internationally important wetlands in Thailand. Bangkok: Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. (In Thai.) Round, P. D. (1988) Resident forest birds in Thailand: their status and conservation. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird Preservation. Round, P. D. (1995) Birds at Khao Sam Roi Yot in S. Choowaew ed. (1996) Sam Roi Yot wetlands study and management planning. Vols. I-II. Unpublished report submitted to the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning by the Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University.