Manusela (15984)
Indonesia, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Global KBA criteria: A1e, B2
Year of last assessment: 2018
National site name: Manusela
Central coordinates: Latitude: -3.1030, Longitude: 129.4910
System: terrestrial
Elevation (m): 0 to 3027
Area of KBA (km2): 2482.53377
Protected area coverage (%): 68.06
KBA classification: Global
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: Topography is flat up to hilly, and high mountains in the southern part with the highest peak is Gunung Binaya (3207 m) which is the highest in Moluccas.There are 5 villages of indigenous people of Seram, in the enclave of the national park; Manusela, Elemata, Maraina, Selumena and Kanikeh. People work as dry land farmer, hunting, collect forest product such as sago, rattan, resin, eaglewood (gaharu), and catching bird, which they sale to the coas or barter it with equipment they need. Other people live in the coastal area in northern and southern part of the area.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that meets the thresholds for at least one criterion described in the Global Standard for the Identification of KBAs. Alliance for Zero Extinction (2018): site confirmed as an AZE site during the AZE project (2015-2018). Taxonomy, nomenclature and Red List category follow the IUCN 2016 Red List.
Additional biodiversity: This area has 28 restricted-range bird species, and also important for Seram Cockatoo Cacatua moluccensis population. Non-bird biodiversity: The important faunas (endemic of Seram Island) are:Suncus murinus, Melomys aerosus, Melomys fraterculus, Rattus ceramicus, Rattus feliceus, Platymantis papuensis, Rana grisea ceramemsis, Rana modesta, Litoria vagabunda (Edwards et.al.1993, Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Wilayah VIII Maluku Irian Jaya 1996, Monk et.al.1997, Hitipeuw & Tuhumury 1999 obs.pri.).
Delineation rationale: 2015-06-10 (BL Secretariat): site area changed from 189000 ha to 248077 ha, following 2014 CEPF Ecosystem Profile.
Habitats
Summary of habitats in KBA: Evergreen rainforest and few of semi-evergreen rainforests in the north (Monk et.al.1997). Vegetation types are beaches, mangrove, lowland swamp forest, lowland rainforest, lower mountain rainforest, intermediate mountain rainforest, high mountain forest and subalpin forest (MacKinnon & Artha 1981).
Land use: forestry
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Forest | 90 | |
| Wetlands(Inland) | 10 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: Logging, road development (Trans-Seram highway), encroachment by plantation company, mining (MacKinnon & Artha 1981, Monk et.al.1997), shifting agriculture, (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Wilayah VIII Maluku Irian Jaya 1996), parrot catching (mainly Lorius domicela, Eos semilarvata, and Cacatua molucensis) for trade, Sus scrova, Cervus timorensis and Casuarius casuarius for consumtion or trade (MacKinnon & Artha 1981, Edwards et.al.1993).
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Small-holder farming | Ongoing |
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations | Small-holder plantations | Ongoing |
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture | Subsistence/artisinal aquaculture | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources | Intentional use: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest] | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Only in the future |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target) | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Gathering terrestrial plants | Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting | Intentional use: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest] | Ongoing |
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Scale Unknown/Unrecorded | Ongoing |
| Pollution | Domestic & urban waste water | Sewage | Ongoing |
| Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression | Increase in fire frequency/intensity | Ongoing |
| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Ongoing | |
| Human intrusions & disturbance | War, civil unrest & military exercises | Only in the future | |
| Geological events | Avalanches/landslides | Ongoing | |
| Climate change & severe weather | Droughts | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Wilayah VIII Maluku-Irian Jaya, 1996. Informasi Kawasan Sumber Daya Alam di Propinsi Maluku. Kantor Wilayah Departemen Kehutanan Propinsi Maluku, Ambon.BirdLife International. 2001. Threatened bird of Asia: BirdLife International Red Data Book. Cambridge, U.K: BirdLife International.Edwards, I.A., MacDonald, A.A. & Proctor, J. 1993. Natural History of Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. Intercept Ltd, Andover.Isherwood I.S., J.D.A. Willis, T.R.K. Edwards, J.M.M. Ekstrom, S. Kuriake, I.R. Lubis, H. Notanubun, J. Putnarubun, J.C. Robinson-Dean & J.A. Tobias. 1997. Biological Surveys and Conservation Priorities In North-east Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. CSB Conservation Publication, Cambridge.MacKinnon, J & Artha, M.B. 1981. A National Conservation Plan For Indonesia vol VII: Maluku & Irian Jaya. UNDP/FAO National Parks Development Project, Bogor.Monk. K.A., de Fretes, Y. and Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. 1997. The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Periplus Edition, Singapura