Kopetdagkhovudan (22122)
Turkmenistan, Central Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Global KBA criteria: A1d
Year of last assessment: 2007
National site name: Kopetdagkhovudan
Central coordinates: Latitude: 38.2387, Longitude: 57.8688
System: freshwater, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 64 to 155
Area of KBA (km2): 44.10359
KBA classification: Global
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: The IBA covers the Kopetdag water reservoir and adjoining areas located in the foothills valley of the Central Kopetdag 40 km to the north-west of Ashgabat and 6 km from Geokdepe. The IBA is situated in the Geokdepe district of Akhal region. This is a man-made reservoir functioning since 1976. Its area is not more than 38-39 km2 and it has a shoreline of 42 km. The northern dam is 25 m high. The northern and western parts of the reservoir are deep (maximum depth is not more than 20 m), the southern shore is gently sloping and not more than 2 m deep. Inflow comes from the Karakum channel, usually from the beginning of September. Water is lost in July. The water level fluctuates between seasons and years. There are filtration lakes 50-70 m wide and 2 m deep 200-250 m from the northern dam. The climate is continental, with hot dry summers and mild winters. Minimum precipitation is recorded in July-August, maximum in February-March. Snow cover is 5-10 days a year.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that meets the thresholds for at least one criterion described in the Global Standard for the Identification of KBAs.
Additional biodiversity: More 200 species have been recorded: resident – 17, breeding – 52, wintering - 46 and passage - 182 species. Fulica atra, Anas platyrhynchos, A.clypeata, A.acuta, A.penelope and others and some shorebirds are the most numerous. The IBA is located on the flyway along the Kopetdag foothills. Spring migration of waterbirds is short with rapid turnover beginning in the second part of February and finishing at the end of March. The autumn migration is protracted with noticable peaks. It lasts from the beginning of September until the end of November. In winter birds are present from the middle of November until the middle of February. Species included in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan (1999) are: Рlataea leucorodia, Phoenicopterus roseus, Pelecanus onocrotalus, Circaetus gallicus, Pandion haliaetus, Burhinus oedicnemus, Aquila chrysaetos and Bubo bubo. Criteria: criterion A1 is applicable for Aythya nyroca. Criterion A4iii is applicable as more than 20,000 waterbirds (15-20 species) occur. Numerous species are Anas platyrhynchos, Fulica atra, Netta rufina and Aythya nyroca. Non-bird biodiversity: There are 30 species of reptiles and more than 30 species of mammals. There are more than 370 species of plants. Shore vegetation consists of thickets of reed and tamarisk. Calligonum, Salsola richteri, Epherda, Astragalus and Stipagrostis karelinii are present on sandy coastal areas.
Other site values: State.
Habitats
Land use: fisheries/aquaculture (60%) | rangeland/pastureland (10%) | water management (20%)
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Desert | 10 | |
| Shrubland | 10 | |
| Wetlands(Inland) | 80 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: The IBA's ecosystems are considered to be in a good condition at present.
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching | Nomadic grazing | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Persecution/control | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources | Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: Rajapov M. R (1999) Red Data Book of Turkmenistan. Volume 1. Invertebrates and vertebrate animals. Ashgabat.Turkmenistan. (in russian). Dementyev P.G. (1952) Birds of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Proceedings of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences TSSR, Volume 1. 546p.(in russian). Rustamov A.K. (1958) Birds of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, Proceedings of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences TSSR, Volume 2. 333p. (in russian). Nurgeldyev O. N. (1969) Ecology of mammals of plain of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat. (russian). Kucheruk V. (2005) Lagomorpha and rodents of deserts of Central Asia. Мoscow, GEOS. (in russian). Kuchuruk V., Tashlyev A.O. (1995) Mammals of Turkmenistan. Vol.1, Ashgabat,Ylym. (in russian). Shammakov S. M. (1981) Reptile of plain of Turkmenistan. Ashgabat. (russian).