Barangtang - Rafters Creek (18001)
India, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Global KBA criteria: B2
Year of last assessment: 2004
National site name: Barangtang - Rafters Creek
Central coordinates: Latitude: 12.2500, Longitude: 92.7500
System: terrestrial
Area of KBA (km2): 191.48072
KBA classification: Global
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: Baratang-Rafters Creek is located in the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. The habitat types of this IBA include Lowland Evergreen Rain forest, Semi-Evergreen Rain forest and Mangrove forest. The islands experience humid, tropical coastal climate. Rainfall is received from both the southwest and the northeast monsoon. Baratang Island lies between the Middle and South Andaman Islands. Baratang has been selectively logged and some areas clear felled since the early 20th century (Yoganand and Davidar 2000). Based on the classification of Champion and Seth (1968), the forest types of the site are: Evergreen forest of Dipterocarpus, Canarium manii, Artocarpus and Pongamia pinnata; Semievergreen forest confined to valleys and slopes containing both semi-evergreen and deciduous trees; Deciduous forest of lower stature growing on hills and in drier areas (Yoganand and Davidar 2000). The island is fringed by mangroves, some growing to tree forms. Despite the removal of commercially exploitable trees, the bird life is more or less intact.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that meets the thresholds for at least one criterion described in the Global Standard for the Identification of KBAs.
Additional biodiversity: AVIFAUNA: The bird life of this IBA appears to be very rich. All the Restricted Range species of Andaman Islands (except for the Narcondam Hornbill Aceros narcondami) are reported from this site. Among the globally threatened species Andaman Crake Rallina canningi is present. Not much is known about this bird and it is probably not as rare as generally thought (Vijayan and Sankaran 2000). Further surveys of this species are required in Baratang-Rafter and other suitable areas. The Andaman Teal Anas gibberifrons albogularis, a subspecies of Grey Teal, is endemic to the Andaman Islands. Although A. gibberifrons is not considered rare by BirdLife International (2001), as it is widely distributed, the subspecies albogularis or Andaman Teal is certainly an uncommon bird. Vijayan and Sankaran (2000) estimate that not more than 600 are left in the world. Rasmussen and Anderton (in press) have considered Andaman Teal Anas albogularis as a full-fledged species. Like the Andaman Teal, there are many other subspecies of birds that are restricted to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Some species are represented on different islands by different subspecies. Cytotaxonomic studies indicate that some could be considered as full species (Rasmussen and Anderton in press). For instance, the subspecies of Pompadour Green Pigeon Treron pompadora found in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, i.e. chloropterus, has been upgraded to species level (Rasmussen and Anderton in press). So it has to be included in the Restricted Range species, as described by Stattersfield et al. (1998). OTHER KEY FAUNA: Due to the inaccessibility of these islands there is very little literature on the flora and fauna of this site. Saltwater Crocodile Crocodylus porosus is still common in the creeks and rivulets. Wild Pig Sus scrofa andamanensis and Andaman Water Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator andamanensis are the main native terrestrial animals.
Delineation rationale: 2014-03-11 (BL Secretariat): a site area of 19148 ha was calculated by GIS from the site polygon, then rounded to the nearest 10% (19000 ha).
Habitats
Land use: nature conservation and research | tourism/recreation
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | 5 | |
| Forest | 95 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: MAIN THREATS: Poaching by people from neighbouring countries; Habitat destruction in coastal areas; Emphasis on commercial forestry. Baratang-Rafters creek is one of the excellent habitats for Andaman’s insular avifauna, but it is being disturbed by modern agriculture and urbanization. According to Andrews and Sankaran (2002), the most important conservation problem for this site is emphasis on conversion forestry. In this system, natural forests are worked, commercial species extracted and the forests deliberately regenerated and managed in such a manner that there is a resultant preponderance of commercial species for future harvesting. This practice is destroying the natural biodiversity of the forests. Nearly 60% of the exploitable forest in some of the protected areas, including Baratang–Rafters creek, has been exploited, which has resulted in the change in natural forest profile.
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Small-holder farming | Ongoing |
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Wood & pulp plantations | Agro-industry plantations | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting | Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] | Ongoing |
| Residential & commercial development | Housing & urban areas | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: Andrews, H. V. and Sankaran, V. (eds.) (2002) Sustainable management of Protected Areas in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Environmental Team, Indian Institute of Public Administration, and Fauna and Flora International, New Delhi. BirdLife International (2001) Threatened Birds of Asia: BirdLife International Red Data Book. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K. Champion, H. G. and Seth, S. K. (1968) A revised survey of forest types of India, Govt. of India Press, Delhi. Rasmussen, P. C. and Anderton, J. C. (in press) Birds of South Asia: the Ripley guide. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Stattersfield, A. J., Crosby, M. J., Long, A. J. and Wege, D. C. (1998) Endemic Bird Areas of the World: Priorities for Biodiversity Conservation. BirdLife Conservation Series No. 7. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K. Pp. Vijayan, L. and Sankaran, R. (2000) A study on the ecology, status and conservation perspective of certain rare endemic avifauna of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Final Report. Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Coimbatore. Pp. 184. Yoganand, K. and Davidar, P. (2000) Habitat preference and distributional status of some forest birds in Andaman Islands. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 97(3): 375-380.