Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary (18029)
India, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Year of last assessment: 2004
National site name: Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary
Central coordinates: Latitude: 15.7500, Longitude: 78.4500
System: terrestrial
Area of KBA (km2): 5.20426
KBA classification: Global/Regional TBD
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: Rollapadu is a small village, 18 km southeast of Nandikotkur town, in the plains between the Nallamalai and Erramalai ranges of the Eastern Ghats. The River Krishna flows northwest of Nandikotkur. Rollapadu shot to fame in July 1984 when a flock of 35 Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps was discovered (Manakadan and Rahmani 1989, 1993). Recommendations were made by the Endangered Species Project of the Bombay Natural History Society to the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department to establish a sanctuary. Soon after, the State Forest Department declared the Rollapadu Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary. The Sanctuary, though established primarily to protect the Great Indian Bustard, has benefited the rest of the wildlife in the area. Prior to its establishment, the animals were persecuted by professional trappers and hunters from nearby towns and villages (Manakadan and Rahmani 1989). Most of the Sanctuary is covered by grasses. Shrubs and small trees are common near the two small streams that flow within the Sanctuary.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance because it meets one or more previously established criteria and thresholds for identifying sites of biodiversity importance (including Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas, Alliance for Zero Extinction sites, and Key Biodiversity Areas)
Additional biodiversity: AVIFAUNA: In the 1980s, there were about 60-70 bustards in and around Rollapadu and the Sanctuary was developing very well, but due to subsequent mismanagement of the grasslands, and poaching of bustards during their movement away from Rollapadu, the bustard population has come down drastically. Not more than 20-25 birds remain. Large flocks of 15-20 birds are rarely sighted now. Another globally threatened species that is now regularly seen is the Lesser Florican Sypheotides indica (Sankaran and Manakadan 1990, Manakadan and Rahmani 1999). About 150 bird species are reported in and around Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, including the second largest roost of harriers (Circus spp.) in India (Rahmani and Manakadan 1986). Nearly 2,000 harriers of four species are found in the grasslands (Circus pygargus, C. macrourus, C. aeruginosus and C. melanoleucos). This site can easily qualify for A4ii criteria (known or thought to hold, on a regular basis, >1% of the global population of a congregatory seabird or terrestrial species). OTHER KEY FAUNA: The most conspicuous mammal, which has benefited most from protection, is the Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra. In 1985, its population was not more than 17 individuals. Now, it has gone up to 500 (Forest Department records, and our observations). A pack of Grey Wolf Canis lupus inhabits the Rollapadu grasslands. Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis is also found, and shows great fluctuations in population.
Habitats
Land use: nature conservation and research
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Grassland | 50 | |
| Wetlands(Inland) | 50 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: MAIN THREATS: Poaching; Irresponsible management inputs; Irrigation projects. The decline in bustard population has been blamed on the increase of the Blackbuck population from 15-20 in 1985 to nearly 500 in 2002, but this alone can not be the reason. Most of the time, the majority of the bustards remain outside the Sanctuary, where they are not safe from poachers. The goodwill among villagers generated by the development of the Sanctuary has been nullified by the crop damage caused by Blackbuck. Based on two 3-years studies, the BNHS had recommended that Blackbuck numbers should be reduced to less than 100 individuals, and poaching of bustard should be stopped, but this has not been done. Instead, the Forest Department wasted funds on the development of a fence (to prevent Blackbuck from going outside the grasslands) and on construction Increasing scrub vegetation in the grasslands (Manakadan et al. 2002) is another cause for concern, as it is reducing the bustard habitat. However, the greatest and irrevocable threat to the Great Indian Bustard is the development of a large irrigation project 3 km from Rollapadu that will change the land use and crop patterns of the area completely. In future, there will be less area available to the bustard for foraging and nesting. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the movement of the bustards, through satellite and radio tracking, to record its use of the surrounding landscape and then to develop a long-term conservation strategy to protect pockets of grasslands where the bustards spend most of their time. A holistic approach is required to save the bustard habitat, otherwise the measures taken at Rollapadu will not succeeded in reviving the bustard population.
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Agro-industry farming | Only in the future |
| Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases | Named species | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Persecution/control | Only in the future |
Additional information
References: Manakadan, R. and Rahmani, A. R. (1989) Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, with special reference to the Great Indian Bustard Ardeotis nigriceps (Vigors). J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 86 (3): 368-380. Manakadan, R. and Rahmani, A. R. (1993) A decade of conservation of the Great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) at Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary. Pp 1-3. In: Bird Conservation–Strategies for the nineties and beyond (Eds. A. Verghese, S. Sridhar and A. K. Chakravarthy), Ornithological Soci-ety of India, Bangalore. Manakadan, R. and Rahmani, A. R. (1999) More on the Lesser Florican Sypheotides indica at Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 96(2): 314-316. Manakadan, R., Rahmani, A. R. and Rao, Y. N. (2002) Spread of scrub in grasslands of Rollapadu Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India, and its implication on the avifauna. Pp 186-195. In: Birds of Wetlands and Grasslands: Proceedings of the Salim Ali Centenary Seminar on the Conservation of Avifauna of Wetlands and Grasslands. Eds. Rahmani, A. R. and Ugra, G. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. Rahmani, A. R. and Manakadan, R. (1986) A large roost of harriers in Andhra Pradesh, India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 83 (Supplement): 203-204. Sankaran, R. and Manakadan, R. (1990) Recent breeding records of the Lesser Florican Sypheotides indica (Miller) from Andhra Pradesh. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 87 (2): 294-296. of waterholes (15 in 600 ha!). Thankfully, the management is now in better hands, and some measures are being taken to reduce the Blackbuck numbers. Even so, unless poaching is curtailed and the cooperation of local villagers gained, the bustard population will keep on declining.