Mangal Jodi (18336)
India, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Year of last assessment: 2004
National site name: Mangal Jodi
Central coordinates: Latitude: 19.8667, Longitude: 85.4333
System: marine, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 74 00
Area of KBA (km2): 66.66403
Protected area coverage (%): 81.78
KBA classification: Regional
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: Mangaljodi village is located about 5 km from Tangi in district Khurda, 60 km from Bhubaneshwar. It is one of the villages surrounding Chilka Lake. This village is connected to the northern sector of Chilika Lake and Kalupada Ghat by way of channels dug through the Phragmites karka reed bed. The area includes Mangaljodi Ghera. Mangaljodi is primarily a freshwater zone with marshes, emergent vegetation and reed beds consisting mostly of Typha and Phragmites karka.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that was identified using previously established criteria and thresholds for the identification of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) and for which available data indicate that it does not meet global KBA criteria and thresholds set out in the Global Standard.
Additional biodiversity: AVIFAUNA: The marshes around Mangaljodi, and the open water between Kalupada Ghat and Teenmuhani, attract a large congregation of waterfowl, especially the dabbling ducks such as Northern Pintail Anas acuta, Northern Shoveller A. clypeata, Garganey A. querquedula and Brahminy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea. A very huge population of waterfowl is found on this site. The estimates were over 3,00,000 and 2,40,000 respectively for 2002 and 2003 (S. Balachandran pers. comm. 2003). Populations of at least 15 species exceed 1% of their bio-geographical population, as estimated by Wetlands International (2002). Over 100,000 Tufted Pochard Aythya fuligula representing 10% of the geographical population have been recorded. Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina also occurs in tens of thousands, along with Large Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor (14,500) and Lesser Whistling Duck D. javanicus (2800). The reed beds are frequented by over 10,000 Purple Moorhen or Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio, 15,000 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans, 15,000 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus and more than 5,000 Cotton Teal or Pygmy Goose Nettapus coromandelicus. Over 400 Grey-headed Lapwings Vanellus cinereus were counted in Mangaljodi area which is more than 1% of their biogeographical population (Balachandran et al. 2002a, b, 2003). The reed beds are also roosting sites for many thousands of Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar and Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus, Indian Great Reed Warbler or Clamorous Reed Warbler Acrocephalus stentoreus, Asian Pied Starling Sturnus contra, and Red Munia or Red Avadavat Amandava amandava. OTHER KEY FAUNA: No information available.
Delineation rationale: 2014-02-03 (BL Secretariat): coordinates changed from 20 deg 10 min North 85 deg 37 min East to 19 deg 52 min North 85 deg 26 min East.
Habitats
Land use: agriculture
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Artificial - Aquatic | 33 | |
| Wetlands(Inland) | 33 | |
| Artificial - Terrestrial | 33 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: MAIN THREATS: Poaching and illegal trade of birds; Reed Harvesting. Charaching is causing irreparable damage to the avifauna of Mangaljodi. There are about 80 poachers in the village, proficient in various techniques of killing birds. These birds are regularly sold in the open market, at rates varying from Rs 20/- to Rs. 60/- per bird, depending on the species and method of killing. A proficient poacher can earn anything between Rs 10,000/- to Rs 80,000/- in a year. The local police and forest authorities are helpless spectators, as political involvement remains high. Moreover, the collection of birds’ eggs and their sale in the open market is another big problem. Strict vigil is required to conserve the Mangaljodi waterfowl breeding habitat, by local participation in the form of patrolling, educating the masses about bird conservation and their habitat. Wild Orissa, an NGO, is actively working on such issues, to prevent damaging activities in the area.
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Gathering terrestrial plants | Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target) | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: Balachandran, S., A. R. Rahmani and Sathiyaselvam, P. (2002a) Habitat evaluation of Chilika Lake with special reference to birds as Bioindicators. Half yearly Report (December 20001 to June 2002) Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. Balachandran, S., A. R. Rahmani and Sathiyaselvam, P. (2002b) Habitat evaluation of Chilika Lake with special reference to birds as Bioindicators. Half yearly Report (July to December 2002) Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. Balachandran, S., A. R. Rahmani and Sathiyaselvam, P. (2003) Habitat evaluation of Chilika Lake with special reference to birds as Bioindicators. Annual Report. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai. Wetlands International (2002) Waterbirds Population Estimates: 3rd Edn, Wetlands International Global Series No. 12. Wageningen, The Netherlands.