Veeranam Lake (18409)
India, Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Year of last assessment: 2004
National site name: Veeranam Lake
Central coordinates: Latitude: 11.2500, Longitude: 79.5417
System: freshwater, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 72 00
Area of KBA (km2): 23.7875
KBA classification: Regional
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: Veeranam lake is situated in Cuddalore district, about 25 km west of Chidambaram town. It is one of the biggest and oldest lakes in Tamil Nadu. The Chola King Paranthaga constructed this lake in the 9th century AD. The book Ponniyen Selvan authored by Kalki in 1950 gives information on this lake, stating that it was constructed over 1,000 years ago by Prince Rajathithar, son of Paranthaga Cholan. The lake was originally called Veeranarayanan lake. The lake is about 16 km long and 8 km broad with a waterspread of about 15 sq. km. There are 34 sluices around the lake through which about 40,000 acres of two talukas, namely Chidambaram and Kattumanarkoil receive irrigation. The lake is fed by Vadavar river and Sengal stream. Under the current New Veeranam Project, parts of the lake were desilted recently. Veeranam Lake has a rich aquatic plant diversity with submerged, floating and emergent species. In several parts of the lake, mats of reeds and Ipomoea carnea occur. The trees found in the surrounding areas, islets and on the bunds are Acacia nilotica, Prosopis chilensis, Thespesia populnea, Pithecelobium dulce, Borassus flabellifer, Ficus benghalensis, F. religiosa and Azadirachta indica.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that was identified using previously established criteria and thresholds for the identification of Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) and for which available data indicate that it does not meet global KBA criteria and thresholds set out in the Global Standard.
Additional biodiversity: AVIFAUNA: Veeranam lake is an important area for migrant and resident birds. The lake qualifies A4iii criteria as it holds, on a regular basis, more than 20,000 waterbirds. According to Thiyagesan (pers. comm. 2001), about 20,000 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans visit this area, and V. Santharam (pers. comm. 2003) has counted about 10,000 Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa. According to Wetlands International (2002), the total breeding population of the Asian Openbill in South Asia is 1,25,000 and the 1% population threshold is 1,250. Similarly, the total biogeographic population in South Asia of Black-tailed Godwit is 1,00,000 (Wetlands International 2002). With the sighting of 10,000 in Veeranam, it means that 10% of the population uses this IBA. Therefore, this site also qualifies A4i criteria. The Asian Openbill regularly forages in the lake and nests in the adjacent village Tiruchinapuram. According to the locals, Spotbilled Pelicans Pelecanus philippensis also visit the lake in small numbers especially during summer when the water level is reduced. Altogether, 54 species have been recorded, of which 81% are waterbirds (Anand et al. 1997, Meganathan 2002). OTHER KEY FAUNA: As the lake is surrounded by agricultural fields and human habitations, there are no large wild mammals of any conservation concern. The lake is rich source of many commercial fish such as Anabas testudines, Channa punctatus, Mastacembelus armatus and Mystus tenegra, (Anand 1999, Bharathi 2002).
Habitats
Land use: agriculture | fisheries/aquaculture | forestry | rangeland/pastureland | water management
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Artificial - Aquatic | 100 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: MAIN THREATS: Poaching of birds; Fishing and associated disturbances; Cattle grazing; Siltation; Encroachment; Weed invasion; Pollution. Improvements of the Vadavar channel, and strengthening of the Veeranam lake main bund are two pressing needs. There has been a demand to declare this area as a bird sanctuary, or to create community conservation areas where water would be managed by the Irrigation Department, and the Forest Department would have the authority to ensure a viable water level for birds. Use of pesticides is very high in the area, which may be causing problems. There is a proposal to divert water from Veeranam to Chennai for drinking purposes. This would deplete the reservoir quickly, much before the migratory waterfowl leave the site. Several research studies have been conducted by the Wildlife Biology Division of Anbanathapuram Vagayara Charity College (Autonomous) (A.V.C), Mayiladuthurai, all of which suggest the importance of this wetland area for the welfare of both the local people and birds.
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops | Small-holder farming | Ongoing |
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching | Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Ongoing |
| Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases | Unspecified species | Ongoing |
| Natural system modifications | Dams & water management/use | Abstraction of surface water (domestic use) | Only in the future |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Ongoing |
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents | Soil erosion, sedimentation | Ongoing |
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents | Herbicides and pesticides | Ongoing |
| Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: Anand, S., Pandiyan, J. and Sethuraman, M. (1997) Studies on the Avifauna of the Veeranam Lake. B.Sc. Dissertation, A.V.C. College, Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai. Anand, S. (1999) Effects of desilting of the Veeranam lake on its wildlife and fisheries resources and socio-economic consequences. M.Sc. Dissertation, A.V.C. College, (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai. Bharathi, K. (2002) An assessment of the impacts of new Veeranam project on the hydrological features, avian diversity, and fisheries resources of the Veeranam Lake, Chidambaram taluk, Tamil Nadu, South India. M.Sc. Dissertation, A.V.C. College (Autonomous) Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai. Meganathan, T. (2002) A survey of avain diversity in selected Inland Lakes of Cuddalore, Thiruvarur, Nagai, and Thanjavur districts of Tamil Nadu, Southern India and an assessment of threats to their conservation including socio-economic factors in the surrounding villages. M.Sc Dissertation, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai. Wetlands International (2002). Waterbird Population Estimates: Third Edition. Wetlands International Global Series No. 12. Wageningen, the Netherlands.