Sarygamysh (20727)
Turkmenistan, Central Asia
Site overview
KBA status: confirmed
Global KBA criteria: A1d
Year of last assessment: 2006
National site name: Sarygamysh
Central coordinates: Latitude: 41.7427, Longitude: 57.4238
System: freshwater, terrestrial
Elevation (m): 38 to 54
Area of KBA (km2): 5013.914511
Protected area coverage (%): 94.82
KBA classification: Global
Legacy site: Yes
Site details
Site description: Sarygamysh Lake is located in the northern part of Turkmenistan. The southern, southeastern and southwestern parts of the lake are within the Sarygamysh Zakaznik (203,561 hectares). The surrounding landscape is sandy and clay desert, solonchaks and depressions. The area of the lake is about 4,000 км2, with depths up to 50 m.
Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that meets the thresholds for at least one criterion described in the Global Standard for the Identification of KBAs.
Additional biodiversity: The avifauna of Sarygamysh Lake includes more than 160 species, of which 84 are migrants, 50 passage-nesting and 26 non-migratory and resident. The most typical are Passeriformes (58), Charadriiformes (30), Anseriformes (18) and Falconiformes (13). The total number of waterbirds is 67 species (Rustamov, 1948; 1954; Rustamov, Ptushenko, 1959; Velikanov, Khokhlov, 1979; Eminov, etc., 1987; Atayev, 2005; Shubenkin, 1986; Shubenkin, Antipov, 1990). Pelecanus onocrotalus and Pelecanus crispus, Platalea leucorodia, Phoenicopterus roseus, Oxyura leucocephala, Tetrax tetrax, Otis tarda, Pandion haliaetus, Aegypius monachus, Aquila chrysaetos, Circaetus gallicus, Falco cherrug and Burhinus oedicnemus are listed in the Red Data Book of Turkmenistan (1999). Columba eversmanni, Coracias garrulus, Aythya nyroca and Haliaeetus albicilla are globally threatened species on the Red List of IUCN. Criterion A1: Pelecanus crispus and Aythya nyroca. Criterion А4iii: the site regularly supports more than 20,000 waterfowl and water birds. Non-bird biodiversity: Zooplankton - 10 species. The maximum number and biomass occurs in the spring and summer period when crustaceans are breeding. Zoobenthos - 24 species, with chironomid larvae predominant - 12 species (Embergenov, Pavlovsk, Mnajev, 1987). Insects - 348 species, including Collembola - 4 species, Thysanura - 2, Blattoptera - 3, Isoptera - 2, Orthoptera - 32, Psocoptera - 2, Homoptera - 62, Thysanoptera - 1, Coleoptera - 178, Hepidoptera - 26, Hymenoptera - 21, Diptera - 15 species (Soyunov, 1991). The ichtyofauna of Sarygamysh Lake (36 species in total) consists of native species of the Aral-Amudarya basin and some Far Eastern species. Cyprinidae are dominant (Sanin, Kostyukovskiy, 1991). Amphibians - 2 species. Reptiles - 10 species: turtles - 1, lizards - 6 and snakes - 3 (Shamakov, 1984; Atayev, 2005). Mammals 71 species: bats - 7, lagomorphs - 2, rodents - 44, predators - 13 and ungulates - 5 species (Strelkov, etc., 1978). Flora - not less than 300 species of higher plants. Dominant are desert species such as Chenopodiaceae - 88 species, Asteractae - 30, Brassicaceae - 26, etc. (Meredov, etc., 2004). Algoflora - 186 species from 33 families and 70 genus. Seaweed: Diatomeae - 61 species, Cyanobacteriae - 29 and Chlorophyta - 16 (Lyubeznov, 1991).
Habitats
Land use: fisheries/aquaculture (30%) | nature conservation and research (70%)
| IUCN Habitat | Coverage % | Habitat detail |
|---|---|---|
| Wetlands(Inland) | 100 |
Threats
Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: At present, the ecosystem of the IBA is considered to be in a safe condition. The greatest threats are illegal hunting of waterfowl and illegal fishing.
| Threat level 1 | Threat level 2 | Threat level 3 | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Marine & freshwater aquaculture | Subsistence/artisinal aquaculture | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals | Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) | Ongoing |
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources | Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] | Ongoing |
Additional information
References: Ataýew, K., Amanow, A., Gajyýew, A. (2005) Vertebrate animals of Gaplangyr reserve and adjoining territories. A science and technics in Turkmenistan. Ashgabat. № 8.20-27 (in Turkmen). Bukeev, S.A. (1997) Ornithogeography and reservation matters in Turkmenistan. Moscow, 160 p. (in Russian). Velikanov, V.P., Hohlov, А.N. (1979) About ornithofauna and features of biology of waterfowl and water birds of Sarykamysh lake. The environment and birds of coasts of Caspian sea and adjoining lowlands. - Baku. С.236-240. (in Russian). Embergenov, S. Pavlovskaya, L.P, Mnajev, N. (1987) Structure and dynamics of zooplankton and zoobenthos of Sarykamysh lake. Hydrobiological journal. Vol. 23. №3. p. 24-30. (in Russian). Kucheruk,V.V.,.Hlyap L.A. (2005) Lagomorphs and rodents of deserts of Central Asia. Moscow. GEOS.328 p. (in Russian). Kes, А.S. (1987) History of Sarykamysh lake in a view of the new data received by remote methods. Problems of desert development. №1. p.36-41. (in Russian). Lyubeznov Yu.E (1991) To phytoplankton of Sarykamysh lake. Proceedings of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences. Biology Science. №6. p.9-15. (in Russian). Mansimov, М.R., Glazovskiy, V.А. (1988) Sarykamysh depression: problems and prospects. Problems of desert development. №4. p.71-72. (in Russian). Meredov K., Arazov, D., Amanov, A. (2004) Features of a vegetative cover of Gaplangyr reserve. Problems of desert development. №2. p.36-40. (in Russian). Kucheruk V.V (1995) Mammals of Turkmenistan. Vol.1. – Ashgabat Ylym..318 p. (in Russian). Rustamov А.К. (1948) About modern shape of fauna Sarykamysh depression. Paper of Academy of Science of USSR. LX. №8. p.1089-1092. (in Russian). Rustamov, А.К. (1954) Birds of desert Karakum. Ashkhabad, Publishing house AN TSSR. 344 p. (in Russian). Rustamov, А.К, Ptushenko E.S. (1959) Faunistic materials on ground vertebrate of the western and northeast Karakum. Turkmen State University . № IX. p.101-146. (in Russian). Sanin, М.V., Kostyukovskiy, V.I., Shaporenko, etc. (1991) Sarykamysh lake and reservoirs of collector-drainage waters. - Moscow. Nauka. 150 p. (in Russian). Soyunov O. (1991) Complexes of insects of Northern Karakum. Ashgabat. Ylym. 456 p. (in Russian). Strelkov, P.P., (1978) Bats (Chiroptera)of Turkmenistan. Functional morphology and systematization of mammals. Leningrad. p. 3-80. (in Russian). Tolstov, S.P., (1954) History of Sarykamysh lake in middle centuries. Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of USSR. Geography Science.. №1. p.41-50. (in Russian). Chernov, V. Yu. (1990) Rare water birds of Sarykamysh lake. Materials of III ornithological conference, Bukhara, Fan. p. 46-49. (in Russian). Shammakov, S.(1984) Materials on herpetofauna of heights Gaplangyr and adjacent territory. Proceedings of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences. Biology Science. №6. p.37-38. (in Russian). Shubenkin V.P., Antipov, S.M. (1990) Ecology and protection of birds of prey of deserts of Southern Ustyurt and Sarygamysh depression. Wildlife management of Turkmenistan. №. 8. Ashkhabad. p.115-125. (in Russian). Shubenkin V.P. (1986) Efficiency of breeding and the reasons of nested death rate of birds of Southern Ustyurt desert. Actual problems of ornithology. Moscow. Nauka. p.116-123. (in Russian). Eminov, A. Sapamyraqdov, D. (1987) To ornithofauna some islands of Sarygamysh lake. Proceedings of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences. Biology Science. №2. p.17-21. (in Russian).