Patho Plains (26491)
Australia, Australasia

Site overview

KBA status: confirmed

Year of last assessment: 2009

National site name: Patho Plains

Central coordinates: Latitude: -36.1240, Longitude: 144.4508

System: terrestrial

Elevation (m): 80 to 186

Area of KBA (km²): 793.45531

Protected area coverage (%): 8.54

KBA classification: Global

Legacy site: Yes

Site details

Site description: The Patho Plains IBA contains a large area in north-central Victoria with remnants of natural grassland inhabited by the endangered Plains-wanderer. The IBA also includes the intervening agricultural land of little or no current value to this species as many of these areas have paddocks which have not been cropped, with the potential to be restored to suitability for Plains-wanderers. The boundary of the IBA has been taken to include all large remnants of suitable habitat within the area known to (occasionally) support Plains-wanderers. Further surveys would be needed to make the boundary more accurate, but Plains-wanderers are difficult to survey and move between paddocks, depending on the structure and species composition of the grasslands, so negative records of this species does not mean that a paddock would not be important in another season. The area has a Mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and cool, damp winters, supporting native tussock grassland dominated by Austrodanthonia and Australostipa spp. Much of the IBA has been over-grazed or cultivated. Parks Victoria managed 12 grassland reserves (The Meadows W.R, Terrick Terrick SP (Davies addition), Terrick Terrick East NCR, Pine Grove NCR, Roslynmead NCR (northern block), Roslynmead NCR (southern block), Wanurp NCR, Kotta NCR, Tomara Gilgai's NCR, Roslynmead East NCR, Hildebrandt and Wellers), totalling over 3000 ha by 2008 as well as the 1277 ha Terrick Terrick National Park grasslands but continue to acquire more land. The Trust for Nature has acquired one property (170 ha), covenanted another (174 ha), and is seeking to covenanted more land. The IBA also includes the wooded portion of Terrick Terrick National Park, which is the largest, best-quality remnant of this woodland type in the region. The main vegetation types consist of temperate grassy woodlands dominated by Callitris glaucophylla, Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus microcarpa. Small areas of granite outcrop shrubland and riparian E. largiflorens are also present.

Rationale for qualifying as KBA: This site qualifies as a Key Biodiversity Area of international significance that meets the thresholds for at least one criterion described in the Global Standard for the Identification of KBAs.

Additional biodiversity: Several raptors breed in the area including Black Falcon (endangered in Victoria) and Spotted Harrier. Small numbers of Bush Stone-curlew have been recorded within the IBA. Painted Honeyeaters are rare visitors. The woodland is a particularly important site for birds of the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act listed Victorian Temperate-woodland Bird Community including Victorian near threatened subspecies: Brown Treecreeper, Black-chinned Honeyeater, Grey-crowned Babbler and Hooded Robin. A number of inland species are at the south-eastern limit of their range in this area including Australian Ringneck, Chestnut-crowned Babbler and White-winged Fairy-wren (Atlas of Australian Birds database; Antos and Bennett 2005; Parks Victoria 2004). Six sightings of the biome-restricted Black Honeyeater and one sighting of the near threatened Grey Falcon in 543 Atlas surveys from 1998 to 2008 (Atlas of Australian Birds database). Non-bird biodiversity: The National Park (including the woodlands) contains an important herpetofauna including the *Delma impar, Diplodactylus tessellatus, *Pygopus schraderi, Suta suta, Morelia spilota metcalfei, Pogona barbata, Varanus varius and *Litoria raniformis all of which are threatened in Victoria, and those marked with an asterisk are nationally threatened. Threatened mammals include Sminthopsis crassicaudata and *Nyctophilus timoriensis. The area also contains 28 flora species which are threatened in Victoria: Acacia oswaldii, Allocasuarina leuhmannii, Amyema linophyllum, Austrostipa gibbosa, Austrostipa tenuifolia, Callitris glaucophylla, Cheilanthes lasiophylla, Eleocharis pallens, Eryngium paludosum, Hakea tephrosperma, Hakea leucoptera ssp.leucoptera, Haloragis glauca forma glauca, Ixiolaena sp.(Leptorhynchos panaetioides), Leptorhynchos scabrous, Maireana rohrlachii, Minuria intergerrima, Muehlenbeckia horrida, Myriophyllum porcatum, Panicum laevinode, Prasophyllum suaveolens, Ptilotus erubescens, Santalum acuminatum, Sporobolus caroli, Swainsona murrayana, Swainsona plagiotropis, Swainsona swainsonoides, Tripogon loliiformis (Parks Victoria Terrick Terrick national park draft management plan).

Other site values: Parks Victoria and Trust for Nature manage 4335 ha in more than 15 blocks (not all listed under protected areas); but most land is private farmland. The only land with open access is the north-eastern section of Terrick Terrick National Park.

Habitats

Land use: nature conservation and research | rangeland/pastureland

IUCN Habitat	Coverage %	Habitat detail
Grassland	48
Forest	5
Artificial - Terrestrial	48

Threats

Summary of threats to biodiversity at KBA: Manage reserves for Plains-wanderer alongside other threatened biodiversity. Offer financial incentives to farmers to enable restoration of other land back to native grassland. Investigate the impact of over-grazing on woodland birds.

Threat level 1	Threat level 2	Threat level 3	Timing
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching	Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Only in the future
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops	Small-holder farming	Ongoing
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression	Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Only in the future
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression	Suppression in fire frequency/intensity	Only in the future
Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases	Named species	Ongoing
Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases	Unspecified species	Ongoing
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration		Ongoing
Climate change & severe weather	Droughts		Only in the future
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding		Ongoing
Natural system modifications	Other ecosystem modifications		Ongoing

Additional information

References: Antos, M.J. and Bennett, A.F. (2005) How important are different temperate woodland types for ground-foraging birds? Wildlife Research 32: 557-572. Baker-Gabb, D (1998) Birds Australia Conservation Statement No. 1 - Native grasslands and Plains Wanderer. Wingspan 8(1) Supplement. Baker-Gabb, D. (2005) Management of Terrick Terrick grassland reserves for Plains-wanderers. Unpublished report. Marshall, D. and Fitzsimons, J.A. (2008) Challenges for native grassland conservation on Victoria’s Northern Plains. Australian Plant Conservation 16: 24-25. Parks Victoria (2004) Terrick Terrick National Park Management Plan. Melbourne: Parks Victoria. Tscharke, M. (2005) Grassland park protects rare species. Parkwatch 222: 7-8.